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• Fauci Sees Possible Turnaround Start; Spain Deaths: Virus Update



(Bloomberg) -- Anthony Fauci, director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said the start of a turnaround in the fight against the virus could come after this week.Spain said fatalities and new cases rose to the highest in four days, and Belgium had its deadliest day of the outbreak so far. U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson is stable and responding to treatment.U.S. Democrats are seeking at least $500 billion in the next stimulus bill, and Hong Kong announced a fresh package valued at about $18 billion. European Union finance ministers failed to agree on a $543 billion recovery plan for the bloc. McDonald?s Corp. withdrew its forecast for the year.The World Health Organization cautioned countries against lowering their guards.Key Developments:Global cases 1.45 million; deaths top 83,100: Johns HopkinsTrump team prepares plans to reopen economy that depend on testingWuhan sees mass exodus after China eases lockdownTesla will reduce employees? salaries as much as 30% starting MondayU.S. recession model at 100% confirms downturn is already hereMcDonald?s Reports Sales Decline, Withdraws Forecast (9:06 a.m. NY)The company said comparable sales fell 3.4% in the first quarter, and it expects to cut capital expenditures by about $1 billion for 2020.Oktoberfest in Doubt as Germany Sees Lasting Impact: (8:59 a.m.)Bavaria?s state premier cast doubt over the annual Oktoberfest, offering an idea of how long German authorities expect the pandemic to upend social life. Markus Soeder, a political ally of Chancellor Angela Merkel, told the Bild newspaper that a decision will be taken in June, but that widespread travel and border openings by then are ?very unlikely.? The traditional beer festival, which draws millions to the Bavarian capital of Munich, is scheduled to start Sept. 19 and last two weeks. If it takes place at all, ?it will be under completely different conditions,? Soeder told Bild.Local French Curfew Blocked in Legal Rebuke of Lockdowns (8:51 a.m. NY)A French court blocked a curfew in a municipality north of Paris, in what is probably the first legal rebuke in the country of measures designed to halt the spread of the coronavirus.The court said the mayor of Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine had failed to justify the curfew, which went from 7 p.m. to 6 a.m. The judge said that the regional government had already taken steps to prevent gatherings, including shutting liquor stores after 9 p.m.Dutch Cases Top 20,000 (8:31 a.m. NY)Confirmed cases in the Netherlands rose 5% to 20,549, below the average daily increase in the past week. Reported deaths rose 7% to 2,248. New hospital intakes climbed 4% to a total of 7,735, according to the RIVM National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.India?s Most Populous State Seals 15 Districts (8:23 a.m. NY)India?s most populous state, Uttar Pradesh, has sealed off 15 of its districts worst affected by infections.?Since the numbers have risen sharply, this move is essential to stop community spread,? R. K. Tiwari, chief secretary of the state, said in a television interview on Wednesday. The state has so far recorded 326 infections and three deaths.India has had total infections of 5,360 and 164 deaths, according to data from Johns Hopkins University. A 21-day national lockdown ends April 14.Boris Johnson is Stable, Responding to Treatment (7:54 a.m. NY)U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson is in a stable condition in intensive care and is ?responding to treatment? for a severe coronavirus infection, his spokesman said. Johnson was taken into St Thomas? hospital in London on Sunday and moved to the critical care unit on Monday after struggling to shake off the symptoms, including a cough and a fever.Vaccine Hopes, Tests Boost Oxford Biomedica, Novacyt (7:50 a.m. NY)Oxford Biomedica shares rose as much as 24%, the most since Sept. 2013, after the firm joined a consortium working on a Covid-19 vaccine. The consortium, led by the University of Oxford?s Jenner Institute, has fast-tracked clinical trials of a vaccine candidate to start this month. Oxford Biomedica will be the manufacturing partner for the drug should the trials prove successful.Earlier, Novacyt SA shares extended their year-to-date surge to more than 1,600% after the company?s Covid-19 test was listed as eligible for procurement by the World Health Organization. The stock jumped as much as 22% in Paris as Novacyt said its diagnostics kit would be available for a year following an emergency process by WHO.U.K. Employers Cheating Furlough Plan Face Prosecution (7:37 a.m. NY)?Some employees have already been reporting that some employers have asked them to work during the furlough period,? Jim Harra, chief executive officer of Her Majesty?s Revenue and Customs, told a panel of lawmakers by video conference on Wednesday. ?If it amounted to trying to defraud us, we could take criminal action.?Under the job-retention program announced last month, the government will pay 80% of employee wages so long as they remain tied to their jobs during the economic lockdown designed to slow the spread of the disease. A condition of the payments is that no work is done for employers, although training is permitted.Democrats Seek At Least $500 Billion in Next Stimulus Bill (7:36 a.m. NY)Democrats want $250 billion in small business aid, with $125 billion channeled through community-based financial institutions that serve farmers, family, women, minority and veteran-owned cos, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer said in a joint statement.French Scientific Committee Sees Confinement Until ICUs Relieved (7:18 a.m. UK)France will be able to look into ending its confinement only when intensive-care units won?t be saturated and other control measures are operational, the scientific committee that advises the government said in a note, cited by Agence France-Presse. Experts say the population?s immunity is probably under 15%.Hong Kong Unveils Virus Relief Package (6:33 a.m. NY)Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced a fresh government stimulus package worth about HK$137.5 billion ($17.7 billion) to support the city?s deteriorating economy. The spending package will include an HK$80 billion job security program to subsidize 50% of wages for affected workers for six months.VW Reviewing Dividend (6:13 a.m. NY)Volkswagen AG is considering whether to pay out a record 3.3 billion-euro ($3.6 billion) dividend as planned, or use at least part of it to shore up its finances for what is shaping up to be the biggest economic crisis since World War II.WHO Says Lifting Lockdowns May Be Premature (6 a.m. NY)?To think we?re close to an endpoint would be dangerous,? Hans Kluge, the World Health Organization?s regional director for Europe, said at a briefing. Sweden is showing a fresh surge in cases, while the WHO is concerned about a dramatic increase in Turkey, he said. Countries should not lower their guard, he said.?We have got to ensure that the public understands we?re moving to a new phase,? said Bruce Aylward, one of the WHO?s top officials who recently led a mission to Spain. Countries need to make sure they?re hunting the disease down, because the key to eradication is testing patients, isolating them and tracing their close contacts. Some restrictions may need to continue for some time while others are gradually loosened, he said. ?It?s not lifting lockdowns and going back to normal. It?s a new normal.?Spain?s success in slowing the spread proves that lockdowns and measures such as testing and contact tracing can work, Aylward said. While the country had a 20-fold increase in cases in the week through March 14, the rate later slowed to doubling every eight days.Correct: Iran New Cases, Fatalities Decline (5:41 p.m. HK)Iran reported 1,997 new cases on Wednesday, down from 2,089, taking the total number of cases to 64,586. Total fatalities rose to 3,993 after the country reported 121 more deaths.Spain Deaths, Cases Rise (5:30 p.m. HK)Spain?s daily coronavirus death toll and the number of confirmed cases increased by the most in four days on Wednesday in Europe?s most-extensive outbreak of the disease. There were 6,180 new infections in the past 24 hours, taking the total to 146,690, according to Health Ministry data. The death toll rose by 757 to 14,555, the biggest gain since April 4.Deadliest Day in Belgium (5:25 p.m. HK)Belgium experienced its deadliest day of the virus outbreak so far, with the fatalities rising by 205 to 2,240. Government health officials however said the epidemic is approaching its peak in the country of 11.4 million. The number of patients currently being treated in hospitals fell for the first time to 5,688, a decline of 324 from the prior day. That includes 1,276 people in ICU, a figure that has been stable in recent days.Irish Police Freed to Arrest Easter Travelers (5:20 p.m. HK)Ireland handed its police sweeping powers to limit travel as part of its efforts to slow the spread of coronavirus as the nation heads into the Easter holiday. The government gave the police powers to arrest people traveling more than 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) from their home or on non-essential business. If convicted, they could face as long as six months in prison or a 2,500 euro ($2,700) fine.Scholz Says EU Agreement ?Hopefully? Before Easter (5:15 p.m. HK)German Finance Minister Olaf Scholz told reporters that an agreement was close and hoped one would be reached before April 12. That came after European Union finance ministers failed to agree on a$543 billion package to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic, prolonging a paralysis that casts doubt over the bloc?s ability to weather the crisis.China March Retail Passenger Car Sales Slump (5:15 p.m. HK)Daily average sales of retail passenger vehicles dropped to 30,683 units in March, the China Passenger Car Association said. Separately, Daimler AG?s global deliveries fell about 15% in the first quarter and the number of vehicles sold in China, the world?s largest auto market, fell around 20% from a year earlier. However, a recovery in China?s car market is slowly gathering pace, with dealerships even in the initial virus epicenter of Wuhan seeing customers return.SoftBank-Backed Oyo Is Furloughing Thousands of Employees (5:10 p.m. HK)Oyo Hotels & Homes, the Indian budget lodgings service backed by SoftBank Group Corp., is placing thousands of its employees globally on indefinite furlough. The company said it is furloughing employees in countries excluding India without specifying numbers, adding that it?s not considering job cuts at this time. The startup, one of the largest in SoftBank?s portfolio, has more than $1 billion of cash in the bank and is exploring options to remain viable over at least the next 36 months.Germany Approves Tighter Rules on Foreign Takeovers (5:10 p.m. HK)Angela Merkel?s cabinet approved the measures -- which apply to takeover bids from outside the European Union -- on Wednesday, the Chancellery said. They will enable the government to block acquisitions that present ?potential interference,? a lower threshold than existing rules that envisage a security threat.Record Contraction Seen in France, Germany (5 p.m. HK)The French economy shrank the most since World War II in the first quarter, and the outlook for the rest of the year is souring significantly. The central bank?s estimate of a 6% slump is the latest indicator of the severity of the shock to European economies from a simultaneous collapse in demand and supply.Germany?s economy is likely to shrink by 4.2% this year, before government measures to counter the coronavirus impact fuel expansion of 5.8% in 2021, according to five of the nation?s leading research institutes. In the second quarter, they expect gross domestic product to decline by 9.8%, the most since records for quarterly data began in 1970.Russia Reports More than 1,000 New Cases Again (4:48 p.m. HK)Russia reported 1,175 new cases overnight, a 16% increase, bringing the total number of infected to 8,672. The country reported five more fatalities, taking its total to 63.Tokyo Cases Rise (3:46 p.m. HK)Tokyo found 144 new cases of coronavirus, NTV reported. Earlier, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe warned Japan could be facing as many as 80,000 confirmed coronavirus cases in a month if no action is taken as he declared a state of emergency in Tokyo and its surrounding regions.Drugmakers Need Government Support to Ensure Supply (3:45 p.m. HK)European drugmakers need cooperation and support from regional and national authorities to ensure continuity in the drug supply during the pandemic, the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations said.?Regulatory flexibilities and lifting measures that impact manufacturing and supply can help ease the situation,? the trade group said in an e-mail. The European Union health commissioner appealed to companies on April 3 to boost production of medicines needed to treat the coronavirus, saying that several member states only had a one-week supply of some drugs.The European Union?s most senior health official has appealed to the pharmaceutical industry to boost production of critical medicines needed to treat the symptoms of the coronavirus, warning that several member states may soon run out.Germany Reports Biggest Rise in Infections in Three Days (2:15 p.m. HK)The number of new coronavirus infections in Germany rose the most in three days, bringing the total to 107,663 in one of Europe?s worst-hit nations.More than two weeks after the government ordered citizens to adhere to strict limits on public life, infections increased by 4,288 on Wednesday, according to data from Johns Hopkins University. That compared with a gain of 3,252 a day earlier.The head of Germany?s public health institute said Wednesday that the general trend in confirmed cases is ?positive? but cautioned that the nation is still only at the beginning of the pandemic.Expert: Virus Likely to Be Around for Two Years (1:54 p.m. HK)The coronavirus likely will be around for at least two years, which means the measures being implemented to curb its spread may be in place for a while, an infectious diseases expert said. A vaccine likely won?t be available in large amounts for another 18-24 months, and countries need to do more frequent testing, Peter Collignon, a professor at the Australian National University Medical School, told Bloomberg News. Eradication of the virus is unrealistic, he said.More Asian Countries Learn to Love Face Masks (12:43 p.m. HK)The debate over whether face masks can help contain the spread of Covid-19 is shifting quickly, with more countries requiring citizens to cover their faces in public. Indonesia, one of the world?s most populous countries with 264 million people, ordered citizens to wear face masks when they leave the house after predicting as many as 95,000 people could be infected.Vietnam is fining people who don?t wear them, while the Philippines is requiring more than 50 million people on Luzon Island to wear masks or improvised face shields outside and Singapore now says asymptomatic people can wear masks in public. Malaysia will hand out 24.62 million masks, four for each household, while advising people to only use them if they have symptoms and Mumbai has ordered citizens to wear masks outside their homes.Still, the World Health Organization says there?s no evidence that wearing a mask can prevent healthy people from infection.Apple Partner Foxconn to Start Making Ventilators (11:29 a.m. HK)Foxconn, the company responsible for assembling most of the world?s iPhones, will start developing and making ventilators in the U.S.Foxconn will work with Medtronic Plc on the design and development of the devices. Foxconn, which owns a plant in Wisconsin, didn?t say where and when it will be making the medical equipment.There has been a global shortage of ventilators needed in the treatment of severe cases of Covid-19. Foxconn has been making face masks, used to curb the spread of the virus, in China since February.Outbreak Seen Growing Fast in U.S., Stabilizing in Italy (10:49 a.m. HK)The coronavirus outbreak is growing rapidly in the U.S., Japan, Germany, France and the U.K., according to a weekly forecast by Imperial College London?s MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis.But the group found the disease is stabilizing in Italy, Iran, South Korea and Indonesia.The MRC, which collaborates with agencies including the World Health Organization, forecasts fatality rates for the week ahead based on analyses of 42 countries with active transmission.The center, in its forecast dated April 7, predicts deaths exceeding 5,000 in the coming week in France, Italy, Spain, the U.K. and the U.S. Fatalities of less than 100 are predicted for 14 countries, including Japan.For more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.©2020 Bloomberg L.P.




• Italy?s Reopening Advances in Test for Europe?s Virus Exit


• What you need to know today about the virus outbreak



The Chinese city at the heart of the global pandemic, Wuhan, reopened Wednesday after 76 days in lockdown. Elsewhere, the economic, political and psychological toll of fighting the new coronavirus grew increasingly clear and more difficult to bear. It recorded 731 new coronavirus deaths, its biggest one-day jump yet, for a statewide toll of nearly 5,500.




• How Delays and Unheeded Warnings Hindered New York's Virus Fight



A 39-year-old woman took Flight 701 from Doha, Qatar, to John F. Kennedy International Airport in late February, the final leg of her trip home to New York City from Iran.A week later, on March 1, she tested positive for the coronavirus, the first confirmed case in New York City of an outbreak that had already devastated China and parts of Europe. The next day, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, appearing with Mayor Bill de Blasio at a news conference, promised that health investigators would track down every person on the woman's flight. But no one did.A day later, a lawyer from New Rochelle, a New York City suburb, tested positive for the virus -- an alarming sign because he had not traveled to any affected country, suggesting community spread was already taking place.Although city investigators had traced the lawyer's whereabouts and connections to the most crowded corridors of Manhattan, the state's efforts focused on the suburb, not the city, and de Blasio urged the public not to worry. "We'll tell you the second we think you should change your behavior," the mayor said March 5.For many days after the first positive test, as the coronavirus silently spread throughout the New York region, Cuomo, de Blasio and their top aides projected an unswerving confidence that the outbreak would be readily contained.There would be cases, they repeatedly said, but New York's hospitals were some of the best in the world. Plans were in place. Responses had been rehearsed during "tabletop" exercises. After all, the city had been here before -- Ebola, Zika, the H1N1 virus, even Sept. 11."Excuse our arrogance as New Yorkers -- I speak for the mayor also on this one -- we think we have the best health care system on the planet right here in New York," Cuomo said on March 2. "So, when you're saying, what happened in other countries versus what happened here, we don't even think it's going to be as bad as it was in other countries."But now, New York City and the surrounding suburbs have become the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States, with far more cases than many countries have. More than 138,000 people in the state have tested positive for the virus, with nearly all of them in the city and nearby suburbs.On Tuesday, Cuomo announced that 731 more people had died of the virus, the state's highest one-day total yet. The overall death toll in New York is 5,489 people.Epidemiologists have pointed to New York City's density and its role as an international hub of commerce and tourism to explain why the coronavirus has spread so rapidly. And it seems highly unlikely that any response by the state or city could have fully stopped it.From the earliest days of the crisis, state and city officials were also hampered by a chaotic and often dysfunctional federal response, including significant problems with the expansion of coronavirus testing, which made it far harder to gauge the scope of the outbreak.Normally, New York would get help from Washington in such a time, as it did after Sept. 11. But President Donald Trump in February and early March minimized the coronavirus threat, clashing with his own medical experts and failing to marshal the might of the federal government soon after cases emerged in the United States.As a result, state and city officials often had to make decisions early on without full assistance from the federal government.Even so, the initial efforts by New York officials to stem the outbreak were hampered by their own confused guidance, unheeded warnings, delayed decisions and political infighting, The New York Times found."Flu was coming down, and then you saw this new ominous spike. And it was COVID. And it was spreading widely in New York City before anyone knew it," said Dr. Thomas R. Frieden, the former head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and former commissioner of the city's Health Department. "You have to move really fast. Hours and days. Not weeks. Once it gets a head of steam, there is no way to stop it."Frieden said that if the state and city had adopted widespread social-distancing measures a week or two earlier, including closing schools, stores and restaurants, then the estimated death toll from the outbreak might have been reduced by 50% to 80%.But New York mandated those measures after localities in states including California and Washington had done so.San Francisco, for example, closed schools on March 12 when that city had 18 confirmed cases; Ohio also closed its schools the same day, with five confirmed cases. De Blasio ordered schools in New York to close three days later when the city had 329 cases.Then seven Bay Area counties imposed stay-at-home rules on March 17. Two days later, the entire state of California ordered the same. New York state's stay-at-home order came on the 20th, and went into effect on March 22."New York City as a whole was late in social measures," said Isaac B. Weisfuse, a former New York City deputy health commissioner. "Any after-action review of the pandemic in New York City will focus on that issue. It has become the major issue in the transmission of the virus."Interviews with more than 60 people on the front-lines of the unfolding crisis -- city and state officials, hospital executives, health care workers, union leaders and emergency medical workers -- revealed how the virus overwhelmed the city's long-standing preparations, leaving officials to improvise. Many spoke on the record; others spoke anonymously to describe private meetings and conversations without fear of losing their jobs."Everything was slow," said Councilman Stephen T. Levin, D-Brooklyn, who had called for City Hall to take swifter action as the outbreak spread. "You have to adapt really quickly, and nothing we were doing was adapting quickly."Both Cuomo and de Blasio have focused intensely in recent days on vastly expanding the ability of the health care system to treat coronavirus patients as the outbreak nears its peak. The state and city have set up new hospital wards, scoured the world for ventilators and protective gear, and aggressively recruited doctors and nurses around the country.Cuomo has been praised for his informative daily news conferences, where he not only focuses on the facts of the pandemic but also seeks to rally the public's support for efforts to curb the spread. De Blasio has also made outreach a priority.Still, Cuomo has at times acknowledged the difficulties in fighting the outbreak. "I am tired of being behind this virus," he said March 31. "We've been playing catch-up. You don't win playing catch-up."The governor's aides said he was referring to the country as a whole, not New York.The governor and the mayor emphasized that they had no misgivings about their initial handling of their response. They said that their efforts spurred the Trump administration to act more decisively to curb the outbreak. New York was the first state to obtain federal approval for its own coronavirus testing."Every action I took was criticized at the time as premature," Cuomo said in an interview. "The facts have proven my decisions correct."De Blasio said in a statement, "We're dealing with a virus that's only months old and science that changes by the day," adding that "hindsight is a luxury none of us have in the heat of battle."Confidence and ConfusionFrom the start, de Blasio and Cuomo projected as much concern about panic as they did about the virus."We can really keep this thing contained," de Blasio said at a news conference about virus preparations in late February.That tone continued even after the first positive case was announced March 1."Everybody is doing exactly what we need to do," said Cuomo, seated with de Blasio, at a news conference on March 2. "We have been ahead of this from day one."Hospitals also expressed confidence in their plans for responding to a pandemic, with the Healthcare Association of New York State declaring on March 2 that its members were "prepared for an influx of patients caused by COVID-19."But few, if any, appeared to have made significant efforts before the virus hit to greatly increase supplies of ventilators or protective gear, looking instead to draw on emergency government stockpiles.Officials seemed to speak and act based on the assumption that the virus had not arrived in the state until that first case -- the woman traveling from Iran. State and local officials now acknowledge that the virus was almost certainly in New York much earlier.Infectious disease specialists had known for weeks before any positive test had occurred that many of the early cases would be missed because of significant flaws in federal testing.Bruce Farber, the chief of infectious diseases for two hospitals within Northwell Health, the largest hospital system in New York, said that by late January, it was apparent that cases would soon begin appearing in the United States. He said he and his colleagues realized, as they reviewed the strictly limited federal testing criteria during a Feb. 7 meeting, that many infected people would not be identified.Only those with a fever severe enough to require hospitalization and who had traveled to China in the previous 14 days could get tested, Farber told them, reading from the CDC guidelines."It was that moment that I think everybody in the room realized, we're dead," Farber said.For both city and state, the initial plan was to trace, isolate and contain each case. Cuomo promised that they would go further than necessary to find every connection to the woman who arrived from Iran."Out of an abundance of caution we will be contacting the people who were on the flight with her from Iran to New York," he said.But no one ever did that work. Local officials could only request an investigation from the CDC, and the agency did not perform one because they believed at the time she had not been contagious during the flight, officials said. Neither Cuomo nor de Blasio publicly mentioned finding the plane passengers again.That's because new cases in the area kept emerging: the lawyer in New Rochelle who worked in Manhattan but had no connection to the first case and had not traveled to countries affected by the virus. Then two more people in New York City tested positive, also unconnected to the affected countries and, more ominously, to each other.New York City, at the start of the outbreak, relied on 50 disease detectives to trace the rapidly rising cases of unconnected infected people, city officials said.By comparison, in Wuhan, China, where the pandemic began, more than 9,000 such workers were deployed. New York City added to its original 50 only after the outbreak began to accelerate.Because of the limits on testing, said the mayor's press secretary, Freddi Goldstein, "all the detectives in the world would have been useless."By March 5, de Blasio seemed to acknowledge the virus had spread beyond control. "You have to assume it could be anywhere in the city," he said.Still, not wanting to cause undue alarm, he told New Yorkers to go on with their normal lives, which left many confused about the danger they faced.The city's health commissioner, Dr. Oxiris Barbot, had sought to reassure commuters, in early February, that "this is not something that you're going to contract in the subway or on the bus." The mayor reiterated the point several times in early March.But there seemed to be little basis for that confidence.The CDC in early February said it was "unclear" if the virus could be transferred on surfaces and, by March, said that it might "be possible" for someone to get infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their face. The virus mainly spreads between people in close contact, the agency has said, such as occurs on a crowded subway.State and city officials blamed the confusing messages on shifting guidance from the federal government.But by the second week in March, as the virus continued to spread widely, de Blasio also clashed over messaging with his own Health Department.The mayor wanted widespread testing, but senior Health Department officials believed it was a waste of limited resources. They urged instead a public awareness campaign to tell people with mild symptoms to stay home and not infect others, or themselves, by going to testing centers.City Hall blocked the department from releasing that message to the public, until the mayor eventually backed down in the third week in March.Alarm Behind the ScenesNew York City's system for detecting infectious diseases was flashing danger.While only about 100 cases of the coronavirus had been confirmed in the whole state, the city's surveillance system was, by the end of the first week in March, signaling a spike in influenza-like illnesses at emergency rooms. A few days later, the number of police officers calling out sick jumped noticeably, as did calls to 911 for fever and cough.The governor and the mayor began taking limited steps to restrict people's activities, but even those were met with resistance.Locals complained when the governor ordered a porous "containment area" for New Rochelle, where a cluster had emerged. It meant closing schools and gathering places in a 1-mile radius of a synagogue at the center of the outbreak, while allowing movement in and out.But the biggest and most prolonged battle centered on closing the city's school system, with its 1.1 million students. Doing so would amount to a virtual shutdown of the city.The mayor and his aides worried about the effect on the poorest and most vulnerable New Yorkers. For de Blasio, whose progressive political identity has been defined by his attention to the city's have-nots, the crisis presented a stark and unwelcome choice to harm some New Yorkers in order to save others."If you suddenly in one day close down the schools, how do you make sure that you are providing for these kids and their parents?" said Emma Wolfe, a top aide to de Blasio. "We're not in the suburbs. We can't tell people to stay at home and play around in your yard."Behind the scenes, top health officials were growing increasingly alarmed. Demetre Daskalakis, the city's head of disease control, threatened to quit if the schools were not closed, a city official said.And Barbot -- who at the start of the outbreak had insisted that "New Yorkers remain at low risk" -- gave a far scarier assessment to a closed-door meeting of business executives in City Hall on March 12: Up to 70% of city residents could become infected.The time for containment was over, she added. De Blasio, seated beside her at the meeting, stared daggers as she spoke."Why don't you shut down restaurants now?" a chief executive who attended the meeting recalled someone asking the mayor."I'm really concerned about restaurateurs; I'm really concerned about jobs," the mayor responded, the executive recalled. De Blasio had urged New Yorkers to start social distancing and work from home where possible.The following weekend, even though de Blasio and Cuomo had ordered occupancy limits for restaurants and bars, much of the city's nightlife appeared to continue apace.Governor vs. Mayor, AgainState and city officials believed they were doing everything possible to confront the outbreak, moving from big decision to big decision so quickly that each day, they said, felt like a year. They blamed the spread in New York on the federal government, which they say dragged its feet on testing. For weeks, Trump brushed aside concerns that the outbreak would damage the country."We have it totally under control," Trump said in late January. A month later, he advised Americans to "view this the same as the flu."But local officials did have control over closing schools and businesses. While they waited on making a decision, other major cities were moving toward shutdowns.In California, Los Angeles followed San Francisco's lead and closed its schools on March 13, after 40 cases of the virus had been confirmed. On that same day, there were nearly four times as many confirmed cases in New York, but the city's schools remained open.Even as aides to the mayor and governor, both Democrats, worked closely together on the response, old rivalries crept in. Though the two leaders put up a unified front at the outset of the outbreak, it was clear by the middle of March that a high-stakes version of their long-standing political battles was playing out. The March 2 news conference has been their only appearance together.First, Cuomo sought to force the mayor's hand on the schools, state officials said.In a series of calls during the second weekend in March, the governor worked with the Greater New York Hospital Association, a powerful hospital lobby, to address the question of child care for health care workers in the event that schools closed. That had been a sticking point for those workers' union, 1199 SEIU, which has deep ties to City Hall. The hospital association volunteered to raise funds.The union, which had questioned the need to close schools on that Friday, was by Sunday calling for closure.That Sunday morning, March 15, Health Department officials gave de Blasio some chilling forecasts of the number of possible dead if more restrictions were not imposed. Closing schools was necessary, and most businesses too. By then, the city had a plan to create centers for the children of health care workers, as well as emergency medical workers.Finally, de Blasio was persuaded.As the city prepared an announcement to close the schools, Cuomo announced the shutdown during a television appearance. De Blasio made it official that evening, and then announced restaurants and bars would be closed for everything but takeout and delivery.After the decision on schools, the mayor became more assertive in suggesting major changes in daily life.New Yorkers would probably soon have to be kept at home for all but the most necessary needs, he said on March 17 -- a "shelter-in-place" order similar to what had already been implemented in the Bay Area of California.This time, Cuomo was the one who resisted. He favored a more gradual shutdown."I'm as afraid of the fear and the panic as I am of the virus, and I think that the fear is more contagious than the virus right now," the governor said when asked two days later about the mayor's comments.He chastised the mayor for a poor communication strategy.But then California moved first: Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statewide order for residents to stay at home. The state had 675 confirmed cases of the virus.That same day, March 19, New York had more than 4,152.That night, roughly 20 prominent New York leaders -- including local members of Congress, two borough presidents, City Council members and civic and religious figures -- joined a conference call convened by the state attorney general, Letitia James."I was growing very frustrated over the schism between the mayor and the governor," said one person on the call, who captured the sentiment. After the call, a participant conveyed those feelings to the governor's office.Melissa DeRosa, the governor's top aide, said Cuomo decided on his plan to "pause" New York during an afternoon meeting with his health commissioner, before the call or Newsom's order.The governor had been reviewing disturbing projections about the spread of the virus since 4:30 a.m., she said."OK, let's shut it down," she recalled the governor saying. He announced it the next day.By that point, March 20, the state had more than 7,000 confirmed cases.The City ReelsLeaders of the New York Police Department now start each day with a review of how many of its 36,000 uniformed officers are sick. By early April, it was around 19%."It's been a struggle," said the police commissioner, Dermot F. Shea. Only the fact of a shutdown city has helped.No parades or protests. No calls to schools. Fewer calls for police in general. The calls to 911, instead, are mostly for ambulances. First it was 5,000 a day. Then 6,000. A record almost daily.That New York City, mammoth and interconnected, would be hit hard by the pandemic may have been inevitable. But Washington, and then New York, had options. The state's leaders had power over key decisions.Their aides argue they moved as fast as possible given the flawed information they had from the federal government and in the midst of a fast-moving crisis on a scale none had seen before."This is an enemy that we have underestimated from day one," Cuomo said Monday. "And we have paid the price dearly."This article originally appeared in The New York Times.(C) 2020 The New York Times Company




• Passover in isolation dampens holiday mood in Israel



As a modern pandemic afflicts the globe, Israeli Jews are being forced to scale back or cancel beloved traditions and rituals marking Passover, the holiday celebrating Israelites? freedom from Egyptian bondage and referencing biblical plagues. Families are turning to videoconferencing in hopes of capturing a small slice of the holiday spirit. ?There?s a lot of families, a lot of seniors, a lot of singles who will be having Seder alone, and that?s very challenging because this is really the family holiday,? said Rabbi Kenneth Brander, president of Ohr Torah Stone, a network of 27 modern Orthodox institutions.




• Iran says coronavirus deaths near 4,000



Iran on Wednesday reported 121 new deaths from the novel coronavirus, bringing its overall number of fatalities to 3,993. In the past 24 hours, 1,997 new cases of COVID-19 infection were detected in Iran, state news agency IRNA quoted health ministry spokesman Kianoush Jahanpour as saying. Iran, which announced its first COVID-19 cases on February 19, is by far the worst hit by the pandemic in the Middle East, according to official tolls.




• Saudi Arabia halts parental visitation rulings to curb virus



The Saudi king suspended final rulings and judicial orders on visitation rights of children of separated parents in the latest effort to try and curb the spread of the novel coronavirus among households, according to state media reports Wednesday. The state-run Saudi Press Agency said parents were notified of the changes by text message, the latest measure by the kingdom to stem the rising number of new infections as a nearly nationwide 24-hour curfew takes place. Saudi Arabia has 2,750 confirmed cases of the virus, including 41 deaths.




• Wuhan Is Returning to Life. So Are Its Disputed Wet Markets

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• Key U.S. coronavirus death projection revised down to 60,000

Some 60,000 Americans could die in the coronavirus pandemic, a university model often cited by U.S. and state policymakers projected on Wednesday, a 26% reduction in its most recent forecast death toll.


• Ex-Vatican treasurer Cardinal Pell acquitted of sex offences, leaves jail

Australia's highest court acquitted former Vatican treasurer George Pell on Tuesday of sexually assaulting two teenaged choirboys in the 1990s, freeing the 78-year-old cardinal after 404 days in jail.


• After Pell acquittal, pope compares 'unjust sentences' to persecution of Jesus

Just hours after Australia's highest court threw out the sex abuse conviction of the Vatican's former treasurer, Pope Francis offered his morning Mass for all those who suffer from unjust sentences, which he compared to the persecution of Jesus.


• U.S. planning ways to 'ease' back to normal if virus efforts work: Fauci

U.S. health officials are planning ways for the country to return to normal activities if distancing and other steps to mitigate COVID-19 prove successful in curbing the outbreak, the top U.S. infectious disease official said on Wednesday.


• Zoom sued for overstating, not disclosing privacy, security flaws

Zoom Video Communications Inc was slapped with a class action suit by one of its shareholders on Tuesday, accusing the video-conferencing app of overstating its privacy standards and failing to disclose that its service was not end-to-end encrypted.

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